Earth Movements


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Earth Movements

Earth Movements: Our earth is not static but undergoing constant deformations. These deformations are the product of various movements generated by multiple factors, which are mentioned under:

  • Generation of heat in the earth's interior
  • Tectonic movements of crustal plates
  • The coriolis force generated by rotation of the earth
  • Classification Of Earth Movements:

    Endogenetic Movements: The interaction of matter and temperature generates these forces or movements inside the earth. The endogenetic movements of the earth are basically of two types – diastrophic and the sudden movements.

    1 Diastrophic movements are slow in nature and leads to bending, folding, warping and fracturing. Examples of such movements are- Plate Tectonics, Polar Wandering, Continental drift and Sea floor spreading.

    2 Sudden Movements: These are the movements which are very fast in their nature. It must be noted here that it is only their occurrence that is sudden while they kept going on constantly under the earth's surface. They are disastrous in nature and are of two types:

    (i)  Earthquake: It refers to the tremors noticed on the earth's surface. An earthquake happens when the underlying stress from the earth's interior found its way through the weaker zones of the earth.These waves in the form of kinetic energy cause vibrations on the earth's surface. The subsidence and upliftment of the earth is the manifestation of these movements only. The other consequences of the earthquake could be- change in contours, change in the course of rivers, tsunamis,landslides, soil creep, mass wasting etc.

    (ii)  Volcano: A volcano takes place when the molten magma from the interior of the earth comes out to the crust through vents and fissures. This magma is accompanied by steam, gases (hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, carbon dioxide etc.) and pyroclastic material.

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